Vodka (Polish: wódka, Russian: водка) is a distilled beverage composed primarily of water and ethanol, sometimes with traces of impurities and flavorings. Vodka is made by the distillation of fermented substances such as grains, potatoes, or sometimes fruits or sugar.

Vodka is a spirit that was virtually unknown in the United States prior to the 1940s.^[1] Traditionally prepared vodkas had an alcoholic content of 40% by volume.^{[citation needed]} Today, the standard Ukrainian, Polish, Russian, Latvian and Lithuanian vodkas are 40% alcohol by volume (ABV) or 80 proof. The European Union has established a minimum of 37.5% ABV for any "European vodka" to be named as such.^[2][3] Products sold as vodka in the United States must have an alcoholic content of 30% or more.^[4] For homemade vodkas and distilled beverages referred to as "moonshine", see moonshine by country.